What Is The Anatomy Of The Clavicle?

Clavicle Also known as the “collar bone,” the clavicle (clavicul- is Latin for “key”) is located between the sternum and the scapula and lies horizontally across the root of the neck. It is roughly S-shaped and resembles a large, old-style key. The clavicle forms a light strut that connects the upper limb to the thorax and allows the limb to move freely from the trunk. It is the first bone to begin ossification. The clavicle is subcutaneous and easily palpable along its entire length.

The sternal extremity is the blunt, thickened, proximal (medial) end of the clavicle. It articulates with the clavicular notch of the sternum through a compound synovial joint containing an articular disc. The acromial extremity is the flattened distal (lateral) end of the clavicle. It articulates with the acromion process of the scapula. The conoid tubercle (cono- is Greek for “pine cone”) is a small, roughened elevation on the inferior surface, near the acromial end. This serves as the attachment area for the conoid ligament part of the coracoclavicular ligament.

Muscles Of Clavicle.

Lateral Third:- Trapezius muscle (posterior surface), deltoid muscle (anterior surface).

Medial Third:-  Sternocleidomastoid muscle (superior surface), pectoralis major muscle (anterior surface), subclavian muscle (inferior surface – subclavian groove), sternohyoid (medial end of clavicle).

Joints Of Clavicle.

— Acromioclavicular:- Between acromial head of clavicle and acromion of scapula

— Ligament:- Acromioclavicular ligament

— Sternoclavicular :- Between sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

— Ligaments:- sternoclavicular ligaments, anterior and posterior interclavicular ligaments

Arterial supply In Clavcle.

— Nutrient branch from the suprascapular artery

— Clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery from the second part of the axillary artery

Ossification Of Clavicle.

It is the first bone to start ossification at around 5th-6th weeks of gestation. It is also the last ossification center to fuse, around 22-25 years of age. The lateral end has intramembranous ossification. See main article: ossification centers of the pectoral girdle.

Pathology Of Clavicle Bone.

The Some Pathology of clavicle bone are given below:-

Fractures:- Clavicle fractures are a common type of bone injury. They can occur due to trauma, such as a fall onto the shoulder or an impact during sports activities. Fractures can range from simple hairline cracks to complete breaks, and they can cause pain, swelling, bruising, and limited shoulder movement.

Osteomyelitis:- This is a bone infection that can affect the clavicle, although it is rare. It usually occurs as a result of bacteria spreading from a nearby infection, such as a skin abscess or respiratory tract infection. Symptoms include bone pain, swelling, redness, warmth, fever, and general malaise.

Osteoarthritis:- Clavicular osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects the articulation between the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. It can result from aging, wear and tear, or previous trauma. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion in the affected shoulder.

Tumors and cysts:- Various benign and malignant tumors can affect the clavicle. Examples include osteochondroma (a common benign bone tumor), osteosarcoma (a primary malignant bone tumor), and metastatic tumors (secondary tumors that spread to the clavicle from other parts of the body). Cysts, such as aneurysmal bone cysts or simple bone cysts, can also develop in the clavicle.

Nonunion and malunion:- Sometimes, clavicle fractures may fail to heal properly or may heal in an abnormal alignment. Nonunion refers to the lack of bone healing, while malunion refers to a fracture that heals in a misaligned position. These conditions can cause persistent pain, weakness, and functional impairment.

Other conditions:- Other less common pathologies affecting the clavicle include clavicular stress fractures, clavicular dislocations, acromioclavicular joint injuries, and sternoclavicular joint disorders.

Sclerotic clavicles:- The clavicle is a benign, often painful disorder of unknown cause, marked by bony sclerosis of the sternal (medial) end of the clavicle with no involvement of the sternoclavicular joint.

Distal clavicular erosion:- Erosion or absence of the distal ends of the clavicles may be seen in a wide range of conditions Llike.

Radiographic Anatomy Of Clavicle Bone.

Fig :- X-ray Anatomy Of Clavicle Bone

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